Pediatric Cardiology Calculators and References
Bedside tools for pediatric cardiology and neonatal hemodynamics
Cath Hemodynamics
Fick flows and resistances from cath saturations and pressures.
- Predicted VO₂: Seckeler, Lundell, LaFarge
- Qp, Qs, Qp:Qs, PVRi, SVRi
- Differential lung perfusion correction
Surgical Mortality Risk
STAT Score, Category and model-based operative mortality for congenital heart surgery procedures.
- All 235 STS procedure codes
- Score vs mortality chart, searchable table
- Procedure risk-factor evidence
Cath Extensions
Glenn/Fontan PVRi from Qp, Nakata and McGoon PA indices, Gorlin valve area, and AHA/ATS 2015 vasoreactivity response.
- Cavopulmonary TPG and PVRi with every Qp assumption stated
- Nakata index and McGoon ratio with Nakata 1984 cohort context
- Vasoreactivity criteria and shunt operability thresholds side by side
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk (HCM)
5-year risk of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with the model chosen by age.
- HCM Risk-Kids (1 to 16 y) and HCM Risk-SCD, the AHA calculator model (16 to 80 y)
- Risk group on a banded 4% / 6% scale
- 2024 AHA/ACC ICD risk factors and recommendation class
Neonatal Blood Pressure
Systolic BP centile for babies born at 23 to 41 weeks, from birth through the first year (NNNI 1999).
- Percentile and z-score for one reading, by gestation and postnatal or postmenstrual age
- 3rd to 97th centile table, including the MIDAS 75th and 95th thresholds
- Centile curves to 48 weeks PMA with the reading plotted
CICU Severity Panel
Vasoactive-inotropic score, vasoactive-ventilation-renal score, oxygenation index and oxygen saturation index after cardiac surgery.
- VIS with forced vasopressin unit choice and Gaies groups
- VVR (VIS + ventilation index + 10 x creatinine rise)
- OI and OSI with PALICC-2 bands, held back for mixing lesions
CCHD Pulse-Ox Screen
Newborn critical congenital heart disease screening with the updated AAP algorithm: right hand and foot SpO2 for up to two screens.
- Pass needs 95% or more in both and a difference of 3% or less
- One repeat screen, then pass or fail
- Shows the path taken and the next step
Echo Z-Scores
Pediatric Heart Network (Lopez 2017) Z scores for 35 2D echo measurements, with expected mean and normal range, and Detroit alongside.
- All PHN Table 2 parameters plus LV end-systolic diameter, Haycock BSA locked
- Derived areas, LV volumes, mass and ratios from their components
- Detroit (Pettersen 2008) comparison column, flagged unverified
Kawasaki Coronary Z-Scores
Coronary artery z scores from four published models side by side, with the AHA 2024 classification and risk level on Boston z, its long-term management (Table 2), a model-disagreement flag and the Son 2019 aneurysm risk score.
- Boston (McCrindle 2007, the AHA basis), PHN 2017 and Kobayashi 2016 LMS; Dallaire shown as an unverified comparison
- AHA 2024 risk level from this echo or entered z scores, with Table 2 follow-up, testing and antithrombotic therapy
- Son 2019 risk score with Boston-vs-PHN z caveat
LV Mass and LVH
PHN 2D LV mass, volume and wall Z scores, plus M-mode LV mass indexed to height^2.7 against the Khoury 2009 cutoffs.
- PHN area-length LV mass Z (Lopez 2017)
- Devereux M-mode LV mass and LVM/height^2.7
- Khoury 2009 95th percentile by age and sex, 0 to 18 years
Aortic Root and Ghent
Aortic root Z scores (PHN, with Detroit alongside) and the revised Ghent systemic score and rules as a reference checklist.
- Annulus, sinuses, STJ and ascending aorta Z with normal ranges
- Revised Ghent systemic score out of 20
- Which Loeys 2010 rules the entries meet, with caveats
Turner Syndrome Aortic Z-Scores
Aortic size compared with healthy girls and women with Turner syndrome (Quezada 2015), with the aortic size index.
- Turner-specific Z for 8 levels, annulus to descending aorta
- Expected and Z +2 diameters at her BSA
- Aortic size index with the under-15 caveat
Fetal Echo
Fetal cardiac Z scores by gestational age or femur length and the 10-point Cardiovascular Profile Score.
- Z scores for 16 structures (Schneider 2005, Pasquini 2007 isthmus and duct)
- Gestational-age range guards and mm/cm unit checks
- Huhta Cardiovascular Profile Score (point criteria from secondary sources, not verified)
QTc and LQTS Score
QTc by Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham and Hodges from QT (ms) and heart rate or RR, with pediatric +2 SD context and the Schwartz 1993-2011 LQTS points score.
- Four corrections side by side, with unit traps for seconds vs milliseconds
- Phan 2015 +2 SD values for children 6 years or younger
- Schwartz score with mutual-exclusion and same-relative rules
Pediatric Blood Pressure
AAP 2017 category and stage for one reading from the child's table percentiles (1 to <13 y) or fixed thresholds (13 to <18 y), with a four-limb gradient helper.
- Table 3 rules including the 'whichever is lower' absolute caps
- Table 6 screening flag and Table 11 emergency threshold
- Right arm minus leg gradient, flagged at 20 mm Hg or more
Bedside references
Pre-participation Screening
AHA 14-element history and physical for young athletes, and the AHA/ACC position on ECG screening.
Open reference →ICD Indications in Children
PACES 2021 ICD recommendations by condition and class, with the 2024 AHA/ACC rows for HCM.
Open reference →Pacemaker Indications in Children
PACES 2021 pacemaker recommendations by condition and class, with the 2023 HRS rows on pacing site and resynchronization.
Open reference →Aortopathy
Aortic indexing, rapid growth and surgical thresholds for Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, vascular EDS, other genes, bicuspid valve and repaired CHD, fetus to adult.
Open reference →Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Imaging intervals by age, CMR and echo thresholds, and pulmonary valve replacement indications for children and adults.
Open reference →Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery
AAOCA, right and left: high-risk anatomy, imaging and ischemia testing, surgery indications, sports and return to play, follow-up.
Open reference →Genetic Testing in CHD
Which test for which lesion, 22q11.2 and aneuploidy frequencies, referral, recurrence risk, and cardiac screening by syndrome.
Open reference →Cardiomyopathy in Children
Diagnosis and management by phenotype, family screening and genetic testing, and an LGE pattern finder for cardiac MRI.
Open reference →Antithrombotic Therapy in Pediatric Heart Disease
Agent, start, target and duration by lesion and procedure, with graded rows from AATS 2026, AHA 2013 and CHEST 2012.
Open reference →Myocarditis: Diagnosis and Imaging
When to suspect it, diagnostic certainty, graded tests for children and neonates, the updated Lake Louise Criteria for CMR, and red flags.
Open reference →Echocardiography References
Systolic and diastolic function, valve regurgitation and stenosis: ASE methods and neonatal and pediatric reference values.
Open references →All references
Guideline tables and checklists, condensed from the source with class and level of evidence.
Browse references →Experimental prototypes
Not yet independently verified. These working prototypes are built from published sources, but each still needs review against its primary references. Do not use them for clinical decisions. Each page lists its sources and marks anything unverified.
Cath lab and surgery
Cardiac ICU
Neonatal and fetal
Neonatal Echo Hemodynamics
Targeted neonatal echo: LV and RV output, SVC flow, the El-Khuffash PDA severity score and the Iowa PDA score, with gestational and postnatal age guards.
- LVO, RVO and SVC flow (Kluckow and Evans) with ±10% diameter propagation
- El-Khuffash PDA severity score (<29 weeks, day 2) and Iowa PDA shunt-volume score (0–14)
- Low SVC flow (<41 mL/kg/min) and post-ligation LVO <200 markers
Neonatal Echo Reference Values
Published preterm and term echo reference ranges and cut-offs, each with population, method and citation, searchable by parameter.
- Outputs, SVC flow, PDA and atrial shunt markers, LA:Ao
- TAPSE, RV FAC, PAAT, eccentricity index, LV function and tissue Doppler
- RVSP from the TR jet (4v² + RAP)
Echo
PH Echo Estimator
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension echo screening markers: RVSP, PA acceleration time, eccentricity index and TAPSE.
- RVSP from the TR jet with an explicit RA pressure assumption
- Levy 2016 PAAT equations with age, heart-rate and exclusion guards
- End-systolic EI against published pediatric cut-offs
Borderline LV Scores
What the Rhodes 1991 and Colan 2006 discriminant scores and the Cohen AV valve index say about biventricular candidacy, with an automatic measurement sensitivity band.
- Rhodes 1991 and Colan 2006 scores for neonatal valvar aortic stenosis
- ±5% measurement / ±0.5 z band flags results that cross the cutoff
- Requires the z-score reference and warns when it is not Boston
Clinic
Pediatric Heart Failure
NT-proBNP compared with age- and sex-specific upper reference limits for ages 1 to 19 (NHANES, Mu 2023), with the Ross 2012 and NYU PHFI scores described and linked.
- Ratio to the 97.5th percentile for age and sex
- Forced pg/mL or ng/L unit choice; BNP and pmol/L excluded
- Ross 2012 and NYU PHFI explained, not scored (tables not openly available)
Pediatric CPET
Where pediatric exercise reference values come from (Burstein 2021 and others, explained and linked) and percent predicted peak VO2 from a predicted value you bring from a named reference.
- Burstein 2021 CHOP normative study summarized and linked
- Percent predicted with forced unit choice and mL/kg/min conversion
- No built-in reference equation (coefficients not openly published)
For AI assistants and developers: JSON API and pre-filled links · llms.txt · tools.json
Calculation and reference aids only. Check results against your institution's protocols and the primary data before they inform care or go into a report.